Artificial insemination :: essays research papers fc

Artificial insemination is the snapshot of SEMEN into the vagina by instrumental means. The first artificial inseminations of viviparous (live-bearing) animals were performed by the 18th-century Italian physiologist Lazzaro Spallanzani, who proved that the anthropoid contribution to reproduction resided in the semen, although he did not recognize spermatozoa as the fertilizing agents. Pioneering work in the artificial insemination of dairy and beef animals was done in Russia about the time of the Revolutions of 1917. By the mid-thirties it was being holdd throughout Europe and the United States. The principal avail of artificial insemination over natural breeding is that a single male of superior genetic quality can be apply to bang up thousands of females, thereby improving herds and increasing dairy and meat production. With artificial insemination, dairy farmers need not risk the deterioration of their herds from excessive inbreeding, nor incur the write down of maintaini ng their own bulls. In humans, artificial insemination is used to achieve pregnancy when an anatomic impediment prevents direct fertilization. When the male is sterile, semen is collected from an anonymous relentr who is known by the physician to have a family history light of genetic disease. The same precautions argon taken when, as in modern years, artificial insemination has been used as a means of providing a electric razor to a couple where the woman cannot conceive. In such cases the husbands sperm is used to fertilize a SURROGATE MOTHER, who has volunteered to bear the child, usually for a fee, and to give it up immediately after its birth. At question are the intelligent aspects of surrogate motherhood as well as unresolved example and religious issues. In cases where a woman is unable to conceive as a result of defective oviducts, an egg can be upstage surgically from her ovary and fertilized "in vitro" in a petri dish under science laboratory conditions t hat simulate the environment inside the oviduct where fertilization normally takes sharpen (see IN VITRO FERTILIZATION). The embryo is then transferred to the womans uterus to develop normally. Zoo workers are in the process of refining artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization technologies to jockstrap breed a rare and endangered species, to replace the expensive and not-always-successful practice of shipping animals around for mating purposes. Importing semen will clear it easier to mate rare animals from far-flung zoos, keeping a good standard of variety in the gene pool.