Theories of Intelligence

Theories of word of honor state be different. Some think faster than others, some learn faster than others. Some are of course good at art, others are natur everyy good at math. Some people defend a hard time in brotherly situations, and some breeze through them. What causes people to be so different? Intelligence. Intelligence determines a someones potential and how well they are able to learn. However, information is not explicit and simple as there are many factors that make intelligence service a labyrinthine concept. If the parameter is blurred between what is and what is not intelligence, how was intelligence initially defined? Intelligence has been theorized, tested, and investigated for a long time.Theories subscribe been made in purchase order to define intelligence. Three prominent theorists have contributed to what the modern world knows instantly as intelligence. A British psychologist, Charles Spearman theorized that the definition of intelligence among s ociety has a common factor cognise as general intelligence, also referred to as g, which represents the potential to be rationalize and resolve issues. The other factors of intelligence are known specific factors, which are also referred to as s. Spearman claimed that ones proficiency in a disposed subject correlates to that of similar subjects (Rathus), yet not a single somebody is good at everything, and it is no ones fault the fault lies with the way the mind works. Louis Thurstone was another psychologist who theorized that there were eight separate factors that make up intelligence visual and spatial strength, perceptual speed, numerical anility, vocal meaning, memory, word fluency, deductive reasoning, and inductive reasoning. from each one factor pertained to a certain factor. For example, visual and spatial mightiness pertains to the ability to conceptualize information, but the verbal meaning factor pertains to the ability to recall words and phrases. Similar to Spear mans theory, Thurstones theory claims a psyche deal be naturally competent in one factor, but significantly less competent in another. (Rathus 210). The last theory originated from Howard Gardener, a recent psychologist who claimed not that there are multiple factors of intelligence, but that intelligence wide foundation with several branches of intelligence. Gardner claimed that the different kinds of intelligence are linguistic, logical-mathematics, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical-rhythmic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligence. Gardener believes social intelligence is as important as donnish intelligence. For example, a person could excel in social skills, but not in school. Throughout history, psychologists have formed theories in order to explain what intelligence and how it works.Intelligence plays a part in normal life. The human ability to function in social situations and learn in academic situations encompasses the general idea what life on earth is . In order to define and categorize intelligence, intelligence tests have been made. According the Encyclopedia of Mind Disorders intelligence tests examine the psychology of a person and evaluate his mentality (Mind Disorders). There four tests that are used most commonly are Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Wechsler-Adult Intelligence Scale, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and Wechsler Primary Preschool Scale of Intelligence, which consist of trials of mathematics, verbal tests, and motor skills. There are advantages and evils to using intelligence tests. The advantages include that testing uniformly measures the capability of a person and can attain gifts within him, opening greater opportunities, as well identities certain education disabilities in a person, preventing footing to persist, while the drawbacks include that the tests normally give specific quantities that describe the functionality of a person, but intelligence itself is complex and a one dimensio nal number does not sufficiently determine a persons intelligence. Another disadvantage of intelligence tests is that the components of one intelligence test can also differ from the components of another intelligence test, modify his measure of intelligence. A common scale used in determining the intelligence of a person within the use of intelligence tests is the intelligence quotient, which is also known as IQ. (Mind Disorders). The average IQ is c a person with an IQ lower than 70 to 75 is considered rationally disabled (WebMD). The bell arc made from IQ tests are able to categorize people from intellectually disabled to genius. In order to try and measure intelligence, tests have been made to investigate and to further advance the unanswered field.Humans are not perfect there is an incredible variety of different kinds of hindrances that affect the everyday life of all different kinds of people. One type of hindrance that can hold back a person is their ability to learn, or learning disabilities, which can be qualified by below-average intelligence and a lack of ability to perform everyday skills (WebMD). Intellectual functioning pertains to IQ, the ability to learn, rationalize, solve problems, and make decisions. Adaptive behaviors pertain to social intelligence and motor skills. Signs of learning disability include late education of motor skills, late development of communication skills, slower development of everyday skills, difficulty with recalling past event, behavior problems, and difficulty with logical mentation (WebMD). learn disabilities are determined by degrees of severity ranging from mild to profound. For mild learning disabilities which affects minor academic learning or smaller cognitive abilities such as short-term memory and mental flexibility. Learning disabilities do not necessarily limit the number of abilities a person can have, but confirm the amount of time it takes a person to learn them. The limitations brought on by le arning disabilities include intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. The next degree of severity is called moderate moderate learning disabilities causes a person to lag behind the rest of his peers academically as well as require assistance for everyday life. The third degree of severity is severe learning disability, which causes a person to have a minimal conceptual understanding and require a caretaker. Finally, the last degree of severity is called profound learning disability, which causes a person to solely rely on the physical world to generate conceptual skills (Association).There are a number of causes that can cause learning disabilities as well. These causes range from genetic conditions to problems during pregnancy and childbirth. contagious conditions that cause learning disabilities include disorders such as Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and autism. Injuries such as brain infections and severe head injuries and illnesses such as meningitis and the measle s can also cause learning disabilities. Consumption of alcoholic drink or drug use during pregnancy can cause causing foetal alcohol syndrome and malnutrition (WebMD). For situations like pregnancy, learning disabilities and disorders can be prevented. For example, pregnant woman should refrain from drinking alcohol and consider ultrasounds and amniocentesis to identify the potential problem early (WebMD).Intelligence has been theorized, tested, and investigated for a long time. These theories, tests, and investigations have created a better understand of what intelligence is, at least to an extent. Intelligence is hard to define it is not only the good grades one receives in school, it is also how one functions in everyday life and in social situations.ReferencesAmerican Psychological Assocation. n.d. Web. 2 12 2016.Association, American Psychiatric. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of psychogenic Disorders. Arlington American Psychiatric Publshing, 2013. Print.Mind Disorders. n.d. Web. 03 12 2016.Rathus, Spencer A. Psychology Principles in Practice. Austin Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2003. 209. Textbook.WebMD. n.d. Web. 3 12 2016.